Exploring the challenges of women entrepreneurs in Kigali, Rwanda: Lessons and implications for empowerment

This study examines the key challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in Kigali, Rwanda, and explores strategies for enhancing their participation in the formal economy. Drawing on data from a survey of women-led small and medium enterprises (SMEs), the review highlights constraints across three levels: individual (such as limited financial literacy), institutional (lack of access to credit and mentorship), and societal (gender norms and limited visibility in leadership roles). Although women make up over half of Rwanda’s population, their representation among formal SME owners remains disproportionately low. Many operate smaller-scale businesses and face barriers to growth, particularly in accessing technology and formal markets. The findings underscore the importance of inclusive policy frameworks, targeted financial programs, and capacity-building initiatives aimed at empowering women entrepreneurs. Strengthening institutional support systems and promoting cultural shifts are essential to sustaining Rwanda’s progress in gender-inclusive entrepreneurship.