Psychosocial impact of intense gym practices on cardiac health awareness and risks: A qualitative research

High-intensity gym practices, such as high-intensity interval training (HIIT), have gained significant popularity, providing substantial fitness benefits, including improved cardiovascular markers and metabolic efficiency. However, concerns about potential cardiac risks are emerging, particularly for individuals with undiagnosed heart conditions. This study examines the psychosocial motivations driving intense gym practices and assesses awareness of associated cardiac health risks among health and fitness professionals in Mumbai. Using a qualitative approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with experienced professionals specializing in cardiology, nutrition, and fitness coaching, focusing on their observations of cardiac risk awareness and safety practices in gym-goers. Thematic analysis revealed 12 key themes, encompassing the roles of intense exercise, nutrition's impact on cardiac health, fitness trends, and psychological motivations influencing health awareness. Findings indicate that while structured, intense exercise can enhance heart health, unmonitored routines elevate risks, including hypertension, arrhythmias, and even sudden cardiac events in predisposed individuals. Psychological factors such as societal expectations and body image pressures drive individuals toward extreme exercise regimens, often without adequate awareness of potential cardiac strain. The role of social media in promoting unrealistic fitness ideals was identified as exacerbating these risks. Insights from the interviews highlight the need for integrated educational efforts within gym environments. Recommendations include routine cardiac screenings, personalized dietary plans, and cardiac health education delivered through workshops. Fitness professionals in gym settings could play a key role in recognizing early signs of cardiac distress and guiding clients toward safer practices. The findings emphasize the importance of cardiac health awareness in reducing risks associated with intense exercise. Future research should validate these findings through broader quantitative studies, assessing cardiac health risks among diverse populations and evaluating prevention strategies. This expanded research scope could inform policies to promote heart-safe exercise practices, supporting a balanced approach to fitness across communities.