Anomalous geomagnetic variations and their relationship with the geodynamics of the earth's crust in the Ferghana depression (Uzbekistan)

Permanent magnetometer stations offer valuable insights into potential strong earthquakes when linked with tectonic activities. This paper aims to elucidate the relationship between certain electromagnetic variations recorded at stations in Uzbekistan and the geodynamic parameters of the Earth's crust during earthquake preparation. Two key aspects are explored: first, dilatancy, the expansion of the Earth's crustal volume upon reaching its strength limit, which induces changes in mechanical and electrical properties detected by various instruments; second, the earthquake source mechanism, whether brittle fracture or plastic slip, which affects the electromechanical properties of the earthquake source. Examples of concurrent variations in different physical fields during specific earthquakes are provided. Given that magnetometric anomalies appear well before other geophysical, hydrochemical, telluric, and other anomalies, integrating changes across various physical fields based on tectonic principles enables the practical identification of short-term earthquake precursors.