Role of cone beam computed tomography in ENT: A mini review

Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is a three-dimensional imaging modality that has evolved beyond its original dental and maxillofacial applications to gain increasing relevance in Otorhinolaryngology (ENT). The technique provides high resolution isotropic voxel imaging of osseous structures with substantially lower radiation exposure compared to conventional multi detector computed tomography (MDCT). These characteristics make CBCT particularly suitable for imaging fine bony anatomy of the temporal bone, paranasal sinuses, skull base, and facial skeleton. This mini review aims to evaluate the current role of CBCT in ENT practice, focusing on its principles, technical advantages, and major clinical applications. The review highlights three key domains where CBCT demonstrates relative superiority: otology (temporal bone and cochlear implant planning), rhinology (paranasal sinus evaluation and functional endoscopic sinus surgery planning), and maxillofacial–facial trauma assessment. The limitations of CBCT, particularly its restricted soft tissue contrast and susceptibility to artifacts, are also critically discussed in the context of the review objective. Despite these limitations, CBCT serves as an effective adjunct or alternative to MDCT in selected ENT indications where high resolution bone imaging is paramount. With ongoing technological advancements and integration with image guided surgical systems, CBCT holds significant future potential as a point of care imaging tool in ENT practice.