CRISPR-Cas9 applications in developing climate-resilient crops: Recent advances and future prospects in plant biotechnology

The increasing effects of climate change on farming underscore the pressing necessity for creating crops capable of enduring environmental challenges. CRISPR-Cas9, a highly accurate and effective genome-editing tool, has transformed crop biotechnology by allowing targeted genetic alterations that boost stress resilience and adaptability. This review presents an in-depth summary of the latest developments in employing CRISPR-Cas9 for creating climate-resilient crops, concentrating on applications that tackle drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures. We also investigate the technical, regulatory, and ethical hurdles linked to CRISPR-Cas9 while considering its future possibilities for promoting sustainable agriculture. Furthermore, the review showcases encouraging case studies where CRISPR-based alterations have enhanced stress resistance in vital crops and discusses how these advancements could be combined with traditional breeding approaches to expedite the development of climate-resilient varieties.